Introduction
This page is aimed at the bowls beginner and those who are considering trying their hand and
perhaps wondering what the game's all about. Of necessity the following outline of the game is a
much simplified account of the basics, but if you'd like to find out more, click
here for a more detailed account.
Objective
The aim of the game is simple: to get your bowls, either as an individual or team,
closer to the target than your opponent. The target is a small white or yellow spherical ball known as the
jack (pictured above with a bowl) and you score one shot (i.e. a point) for each bowl closer
to the jack than your opponent's nearest bowl. The graphic on the right shows a position after
an end in singles where each player has delivered their four bowls. The person playing with the
orange bowls has two bowls closer to the jack than the nearest black bowl and therefore scores
two shots.
Playing area
Bowling greens are normally square, but may be rectangular, up to 40 m in length and
surrounded by a ditch and bank. 
Although usually of grass, some greens are made from synthetic
material. The green is divided into parallel rectangular playing sections,
usually six or seven in number, known as rinks and indicated by a central number on the bank
where vertical rink markers also indicate the rink's extremities. The photograph shows the rink markings
of rink 4, with a game in progress in the adjoining rink. Click
here to see a larger image.
Bowls
Although bowls are sometimes called woods from their original source, the vast majority
produced nowadays are made of a high density plastic.
 Bowls are manufactured so that the biased side
is slightly heavier than the other. When rolled, the bowl initially starts on a straight
path, but as it slows down the effect of the bias becomes increasingly apparent is it curves
towards the target. Bowls are sold in sets of four and are available in a wide range of sizes,
of different weights and biases, and an increasing number of colours and effects.
Formats
One advantage of bowls over many games is that it can be played between different numbers of
people.  Singles involves one person playing another, each player using four bowls; pairs is
played between two teams of two, each player again using four bowls; triples between two teams
of three, each player having three bowls; and fours (sometimes confusingly called 'rinks')
involves two teams of four, each player bowling two bowls. Games between two sides are a core
feature of bowls and are usually played between teams of four or three players, often with
mixed sexes, and the winning team decided by the highest aggregate score. The picture shows a
match between two sides, each with six teams of four players, i.e. involving a total of 48
players. Is there any other game that can accommodate so many players on so small an area?
Start
 All the games outlined above
start the same way: the jack, having been legally delivered up the green by one of the players
standing on a small rubber mat, is centred. Players on opposing sides then take their turns in
alternately delivering their bowls (pictured) trying to achieve their objective.
Ends
When the players from both sides have delivered all their bowls in one direction and the
score has been agreed, an 'end' has been completed. The next end finishes when all the bowls
have been played in the reverse direction and the score agreed.
Scoring
With the exception of singles, which is normally decided by the first player to score 21
shots, other formats are determined by the score after the requisite number of ends have been
played. Pairs is usually decided over 21 ends; triples over 18 ends; and fours over 21 ends.
Duties
In team games, each player has specific responsibilities.
 In fours, for example, the lead (the first person to bowl) places the mat,
delivers the jack and ensures that it's centred. The second player is responsible for recording
the scores on a score card and agreeing them with his opposite number while the third player
measures disputed shots with a special bowls measure (pictured). The fourth player is the
skip (short for skipper) who has sole charge of the team in dictating the strategy and tactics.
Why Play Bowls?
Unlike many sports, bowls is easy to grasp and most beginners achieve fairly quickly a standard
good enough to enjoy playing. And what other game allows all ages and both sexes to compete on level terms
whilst also providing a low impact, therapeutic form of exercise. Click
here to read more about the benefits of this great game.
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